Methods for Research Evidence Synthesis: The Scoping Review Approach
Research evidence synthesis is a process that involves the aggregation of information and data from multiple sources. A systematic review for Singapore students examines all available literature on an issue, while other types of reviews focus only on one type or purpose such as scoping reviews which are newer than systematic ones.
The purpose of a scoping review is to provide an overview of what information has been presented in the literature without providing any summary answers. This can be useful when gathering and assessing new data prior to conducting systematic reviews or if Singapore students want more insights into your topic before jumping straight ahead with it.
In this blog Singaporean students will learn what is the scoping review method, how do you write it, How do you present the results of a scoping review, Scoping review framework, etc.
What is a scoping review method?
For Singaporean students, a scoping review is a focused literature review that attempts to answer one or more specific research questions.
The purpose of this approach is to synthesize large amounts of information in a defined area, and because the written work produced tends to be shorter than for a traditional review it can provide up-to-date coverage on an area of research comparatively quickly.
Scoping reviews are intended to take as much advantage as possible from “intimacy with individual studies” while at the same time considering larger patterns across many Singapore colleges and universities studies.
It also makes use of theoretical frameworks and models when they may advance understanding.
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How do you write a scoping review?
For Singapore students, the first step of a scoping review is to identify a problem or question that needs to be explored. One example could include “How might the existing research literature on nursing inform future research and practice?” The second step is to find, analyze, and synthesize relevant studies. The third step, after reading through the available studies, would be to propose significant directions for future research in order to address existing gaps in knowledge found in the scoping review. Anywhere from 10-20 academic journal articles are typically needed for a decent overview of an area.
How do you present the results of a scoping review?
If Singaporean students presenting the results of a new scoping review, then the convention is to summarize their findings. This does not mean reciting found evidence, but synthesizing it and explaining how they relate together.
For instance, “we identified three trials that studied cellular aging in general population samples.” You can also make comparisons by quantifying variables such as mean age or socioeconomic status between groups theorized to differ on the basis of other variables. When summarizing results of previous studies, use paraphrasing strategies like transitional words and phrases (e.g., on the contrary) and a summary sentence (e.g., many researchers have found that while aging influences telomere shortening rates).
Scoping review framework
Scoping review framework is a systematic technique to find relevant data, identify information gaps to be targeted in additional research, and analyze findings of the research in Singapore.
It starts with assessing whether existing evidence can answer the question at hand (e.g., current practice guidelines or previous high-quality research) and comparing these results to what is needed. It then determines if there are any limitations in current knowledge that need addressing by gathering more evidence from all available sources or developing new or improving existing methods for answering a particular question.
If not, it moves on to examining whether old data might be able to provide an answer; this includes cases where scientists have posed a research question but no published studies meet predefined criteria for inclusion in systematic reviews”.
Scoping review guidelines
Before the systematic review is begun, one should prepare for the scoping review. Read as much literature as possible on the subject in question to gain some perspective and then think about what aspects of this topic you are interested in reviewing? The following are some questions that can help guide your reflections:
For example, what do you want to know more about? What was most surprising or confusing to you? What caused a change in your thinking? Are there an aspect of this problem that would be difficult for other researchers to access because of resource restrictions (eg, cost; language), particularly vulnerable populations who might not have access because they live far away from research centers with research personnel who speak their languages)? Does everyone involved speak English (a)?
Follow these guidelines when writing your own Scoping Review:
1) Start with a sentence that grabs readers’ attention.
2) Give your reader background information about the field.
3) List your objectives for this study or research project.
4) Outline a critical appraisal process including the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to determine what will be reviewed.
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Scoping review limitations
The scoping review approach has a few limitations. Scoping reviews, by design, do not formally evaluate the quality of evidence and often gather information from many different study designs and methods which leads to an even wider range in caliber for potential sources. This is what they are designed for-to provide a descriptive account of available information! However, this can lead to some ambiguous searches that require multiple structured strategies focused on the best avenues to find more relevant sources.
Hand-searching the literature is necessary to ensure validity. Scoping reviews go over a wider range of information, but this does not always mean that they are easier or faster than systematic reviews. This approach takes much more time because it needs to cover such a wide scope for research and evidence in order to get all sides on any given topic covered.
Scoping review template
A scoping review template is a document that collects and systematically organizes the necessary information in order for an individual to perform a systematic, efficient review of existing research for Singapore. Scoping reviews are commonly used to answer questions that have not been adequately answered by previously published research.
A scoping review offers a non-biased, comprehensive roadmap with recognized criteria from which anyone can outline potential or compelling literature to consult. This technique helps as it has been shown to reduce study selection bias through more explicit inclusion criteria based on defined subject areas.
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Scoping review example
One example of a scoping review is the survey methodology developed by Tilley et al. (2008). For the purpose of this scoping review, a broad range of articles published between 1990 and 2008 were scanned for those that answered key questions about how communities appraise community water quality.
Articles were considered appropriate for inclusion in the present study if they met one or more of our inclusion criteria 1) article’s primary focus was on how global citizenry respond to information about community water quality; 2) article mentioned use of a scientifically valid method or instrument to measure public perceptions about community water quality; 3) article presented content-analytic data related to global citizens’ perceptions about drinking-water quality.
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