ICT259 Computer Networking SUSS Assignment Sample Singapore

ICT259 is a computer networking course that covers fundamental concepts and technologies used in modern computer networks. The course typically covers topics such as network architecture, protocol design, routing, switching, wireless networking, security, and network management.

Students in the course will learn how to design, configure, and manage computer networks, as well as how to troubleshoot common network problems. They will also gain an understanding of the various protocols and technologies used in networking, such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, and Wi-Fi.

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In this section, we will provide some assignment outlines. These are:

Assignment Outline 1: Discuss how network protocols and standards facilitate the transfer of data.

Network protocols and standards play a critical role in facilitating the transfer of data between different devices and networks. A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines that specify how data is transmitted over a network. These rules govern the format of the data being transmitted, how the data is transmitted, and how devices on the network communicate with each other.

Standards, on the other hand, are agreed-upon guidelines and specifications for implementing protocols. Standards ensure that different devices and systems can communicate with each other effectively and seamlessly.

Network protocols and standards facilitate the transfer of data by providing a common language and format for communication. They ensure that data can be transmitted reliably, securely, and efficiently across networks, regardless of the type of device or network technology being used. For example, the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a widely used protocol that defines how data is transmitted over the internet. TCP ensures that data is transmitted in a reliable, ordered, and error-free manner, while IP governs how data packets are routed across different networks.

In addition to defining how data is transmitted, network protocols and standards also specify how devices connect to the network, how they authenticate and authorize access to the network, and how they communicate with other devices. For example, the Ethernet protocol defines how devices connect to a local area network (LAN) and how data is transmitted over the LAN.

Assignment Outline 2: Explain the functions and protocols of the Physical layer and Data Link layer.

The Physical layer and Data Link layer are two of the seven layers of the OSI model used in computer networks. The Physical layer is responsible for the transmission of raw data bits over a physical medium, while the Data Link layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data frames between nodes in a network.

Physical layer:

The Physical layer is the lowest layer of the OSI model and is responsible for the physical transmission of data. This layer is concerned with the physical characteristics of the communication medium, such as the electrical or optical properties of the cables or the radio frequency spectrum used for wireless transmission. The functions and protocols of the Physical layer include:

1. Encoding and decoding of data: The Physical layer is responsible for encoding the data into a bitstream that can be transmitted over the physical medium, and decoding the received bitstream back into the original data.
2. Transmission of data: The Physical layer is responsible for transmitting the data over the physical medium, either as electrical signals over a copper wire, as light pulses over an optical fiber, or as radio waves over the air.
3. Modulation and demodulation: The Physical layer is responsible for modulating the data onto a carrier wave for transmission, and demodulating the received carrier wave back into the original data.
4. Error detection and correction: The Physical layer is responsible for detecting errors in the received data, such as noise or interference, and implementing error correction mechanisms to ensure the integrity of the data.

Data Link layer:

The Data Link layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data frames between nodes in a network. This layer provides the necessary error control mechanisms and flow control to ensure that data is transmitted correctly and efficiently. The functions and protocols of the Data Link layer include:

1. Framing: The Data Link layer is responsible for dividing the data into smaller frames for transmission over the network. Each frame includes a header and a trailer that contain control information such as source and destination addresses, sequence numbers, and error detection codes.
2. Flow control: The Data Link layer is responsible for managing the flow of data between nodes in the network, to ensure that data is transmitted at a rate that is appropriate for the receiving node.
3. Error control: The Data Link layer is responsible for detecting and correcting errors in the transmitted data. This is done using techniques such as parity checking, cyclic redundancy checking (CRC), and automatic repeat request (ARQ).
4. Access control: The Data Link layer is responsible for controlling access to the physical medium, to prevent collisions and ensure that only one node is transmitting at a time. This is done using techniques such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) in Ethernet networks, or Token Passing in Token Ring networks.

Assignment Outline 3: Apply effective IP addressing and subnetting.

Effective IP addressing and subnetting are crucial for managing a network efficiently and securely. Here are some steps to apply effective IP addressing and subnetting:

1. Define your network requirements: Before assigning IP addresses, you need to determine your network requirements, such as the number of devices, the size of the network, and the network topology.
2. Choose the appropriate IP addressing scheme: You can choose between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses. IPv4 addresses are more widely used, but IPv6 addresses provide more IP addresses.
3. Subnet the network: Subnetting is the process of dividing a network into smaller subnetworks, or subnets. This allows for better management of the network and reduces network traffic. When subnetting, you should consider the number of devices on each subnet and the required bandwidth.
4. Choose an IP address range: Once you have subnetted the network, you can assign IP addresses to each device. You should choose an IP address range that is large enough to accommodate all the devices on the subnet, but not too large to waste IP addresses.
5. Implement network security: Effective IP addressing and subnetting can improve network security by allowing you to create more secure subnets and limiting the spread of network attacks. You should also implement firewalls and other security measures to protect your network.
6. Monitor and maintain the network: Regular monitoring and maintenance of the network can help you identify and address issues before they become major problems. You should monitor network traffic, analyze logs, and apply software updates and security patches.

By following these steps, you can apply effective IP addressing and subnetting to your network, which can improve network performance, security, and manageability.

Assignment Outline 4: Illustrate the functions of the Transport Layer using TCP and UDP protocols.

The transport layer is responsible for providing communication services between applications running on different hosts. Two widely used transport layer protocols are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable and ordered delivery of data packets between hosts. Some of the functions of the transport layer using TCP include:

1. Establishing connections: TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a connection between two hosts before data transmission begins.
2. Reliable delivery: TCP guarantees reliable delivery of data by using acknowledgments and retransmissions of lost or corrupted packets.
3. Flow control: TCP uses flow control mechanisms to ensure that the receiver can handle the amount of data being sent.
4. Congestion control: TCP uses congestion control mechanisms to prevent network congestion and ensure fair sharing of network resources.
5. Orderly delivery: TCP guarantees that data is delivered to the receiver in the same order in which it was sent.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol):

UDP is a connectionless protocol that provides a lightweight mechanism for sending data packets between hosts. Some of the functions of the transport layer using UDP include:

1. Minimal overhead: UDP has a minimal overhead compared to TCP, making it useful for applications that require low latency and do not require reliable delivery.
2. Unreliable delivery: UDP does not guarantee reliable delivery of data packets and does not provide acknowledgments or retransmissions of lost or corrupted packets.
3. No flow control: UDP does not have flow control mechanisms, so the sender can send data at any rate, regardless of the receiver’s ability to handle it.
4. No congestion control: UDP does not have congestion control mechanisms, so it can contribute to network congestion.
5. Orderless delivery: UDP does not guarantee that data is delivered to the receiver in the same order in which it was sent.

Assignment Outline 5: Summarise the features and operations of common Application layer protocols.

The Application Layer is the topmost layer in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model and is responsible for providing services to end-users. Some of the commonly used protocols at this layer include:

1. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used to transfer data over the internet, typically used for web browsing, sending and receiving data from websites.
2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files over the internet, often used by webmasters to upload website files.
3. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used to send and receive email messages over the internet.
4. DNS (Domain Name System): Used to translate domain names into IP addresses.
5. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Used to dynamically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.
6. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Used to manage and monitor network devices such as routers, switches, and servers.
7. POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3): Used to retrieve email messages from a server.
8. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Used to retrieve and manage email messages from a server.
9. Telnet: Used to remotely access and control devices over a network.
10. SSH (Secure Shell): Used for secure remote access and control of devices over a network.

Each of these protocols has its own set of features and operations, which enable the communication and transfer of data over a network. Understanding these protocols is important for network administrators and developers to ensure that the communication between devices on a network is reliable and secure.

Assignment Outline 6: Analyse the behaviour of network protocols.

Network protocols are a set of rules and guidelines that govern the communication between network devices. The behavior of network protocols can be analyzed in various ways, depending on the context and the specific protocol in question. Here are a few examples of how network protocol behavior can be analyzed:

1. Message exchange: Network protocols usually involve message exchange between different network devices. Analyzing the behavior of a protocol involves understanding the sequence of messages that are exchanged between devices, the timing of those messages, and the content of the messages themselves.
2. Error handling: Network protocols should have mechanisms in place to handle errors that occur during communication. Analyzing the behavior of a protocol involves examining how it detects and responds to errors, such as lost or corrupted messages, and how it attempts to recover from those errors.
3. Security: Many network protocols have security features built-in, such as encryption and authentication mechanisms. Analyzing the behavior of a protocol involves understanding how these security features are implemented and how they affect the communication between devices.
4. Performance: Network protocols can impact the performance of a network, including factors such as bandwidth, latency, and throughput. Analyzing the behavior of a protocol involves measuring its impact on network performance and identifying any bottlenecks or inefficiencies.
5. Scalability: Network protocols should be designed to handle large-scale networks with many devices. Analyzing the behavior of a protocol involves understanding how it scales as the network grows and how it handles the increased traffic and complexity that comes with larger networks.

Overall, analyzing the behavior of network protocols is an important aspect of network administration and troubleshooting, as it can help identify and resolve issues with network communication and performance.

Assignment Outline 7: Test a local area network.

1. Check physical connections: Ensure that all devices connected to the network are properly connected and powered on. Verify that all cables are securely plugged in and not damaged.
2. Verify network settings: Verify that all devices on the network have the correct IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways configured. You can check these settings on each device’s network adapter settings or use a network discovery tool.
3. Ping test: Perform a ping test to check for connectivity between devices. Ping each device’s IP address from another device on the network. If any devices fail to respond, troubleshoot the issue.
4. Network speed test: Use a network speed test tool to measure the speed and performance of the LAN. This can help identify any bottlenecks or issues affecting network performance.
5. File transfer test: Transfer a large file between devices on the network to check for file transfer speeds and overall network performance.
6. Firewall and security test: Verify that any firewalls or security measures in place are not blocking network traffic. You can disable firewalls temporarily to test connectivity or use a port scanner tool to check for open ports.

Remember to always follow best practices when testing a network and to ensure that any changes made during testing are reversed to avoid any disruption to network operations.

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